Community Counseling Resources Essay - 727 Words

Application: Community Counseling Resources Marriage, Couple and Family Therapy (CPSY - 6356 - 1) In this paper will analyze primary, secondary, and tertiary couple and family interventions provided by community resources. In this paper will provide a community resource that works with issues of domestic violence and the primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions that the resource provides. A further analysis will be provided on any gaps that may exist in the interventions and an explanation of how to address those gaps. . According to (Wolfe, 2011), prevention efforts are generally considered in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary prevention†¦show more content†¦DVIS is a community resource that provides advocacy, counseling to the victim and perpetrator, education, and shelter. (DVIS, 2013) As a primary intervention, DVIS provides education to businesses, community groups, faith-based communities, organizations and schools. (DVIS, 2013) DVIS dedicated a great deal of effort working with local schools as a primary prevention strategies. According to research, schools are an ideal environment to introduce primary prevention programs to a range of children. (Wolfe, 2009) According to (Wolfe, 2009), a significant amount of childrens social learning takes place in schools. In addition to using the schools as a way to initiate primary prevention with youth, DVIS also uses the school environment as secondary prevention. DVIS target at risk youth of violence with the school s etting. (DVIS, 2013) DVIS’s school based program takes youth from high-risk backgrounds through a process of learning about self, issue, and increase the youth’s efforts to affect change around them. (DVIS, 2013) DVIS offers counseling and shelter as a tertiary prevention. DVIS provides individual and group counseling to the victims, families and perpetrators. The program counsels men that are self-referred, court-referred, DHS- referred, and family court referrals for domestic violence assessments. (DVIS, 2013) DVIS offers interactive therapy for children who have witnessed or personally experiencedShow MoreRelatedClient Is A Person For Counseling And Possible Community Resources Referrals1649 Words   |  7 PagesClient is a 55-year-old woman who came in seeking services for counseling and possible community resources referrals. Client has no significant biological history that could explain her feelings of sadness and depression in the past few months. However , client lost her mother in April of this year and has had a hard time coping with this loss. After the death of her mother, her responsibilities of caring for her father increased as well. The client describes symptoms of situational depression, whichRead MoreMy Observation Of A Community Resource At Life Strategies Counseling Services959 Words   |  4 PagesStrategies Couneling Services in Beckley, West Virginia, to gain a better understaning of how the community resource of indvidual therapy and group therapy is experienced from the client’s point of view. I chose to complete my observation of a community resource at Life Strategies Counseling Services due to its many quality online reviews. In addition, when calling the offices of local community resources, the office staff at this location was very friendly and open about the possibility of an interviewRead MoreThe Backbone Of The Health Care System1427 Words   |  6 Pagesand the California community. The county men tal health departments can be found at this agency s web site. The agency s web site is very informative and easy to navigate. DHCS is a California state department staffed by committed and talented staff members who work hard to deliver high-quality care to the residents of the state of California. 2. Antioch University Counseling Center http://www.antiochla.edu/campus-life/au-counseling-center/ The Antioch University Counseling Center is run by AntiochRead MoreThe Role of a Community Counselor1735 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of a Community Counselor Donte Love Abstract The purpose of this paper is to address the role and function of the community counselor. Additionally, the framework of the community counseling model is taken into account, including some of the strategies used in community counseling. The Role of a Community Counselor Community counseling can be defined as â€Å"†¦a comprehensive helping framework that is grounded in multicultural competence and oriented toward social justice (Lewis, LewisRead MoreStudent Success And Support Services Program Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesStudent Success and Support Services Program (SSSP) Background The Student Success and Support Program (SSSP) for California community colleges arose as a result of the Senate Bill 1456 with a mission â€Å"to increase California community college student access and success by providing effective core matriculation services, including orientation, assessment and placement, counseling, and other educational planning services, and academic interventions,† or follow-up services for at-risk students (GraillatRead MoreCounseling A Native American Client1075 Words   |  5 PagesCounseling a Native American client will often present a unique set of challenges, especially if the client has a high degree of what Horse refers to as native consciousness (2001, cited by Choudhuri et al., 2012, p. 85) in which he or she is deeply â€Å"anchored in tribal traditions and native language† (p. 85). About 37% of Native people live on over 300 reservations and tribal jurisdictions within the United States. To be prepared to help them, a counselor should know the Native demographics of theRead MoreProfessional Identity Paper1699 Words   |  7 PagesCounselor-in-Training What is professional identity? Is it the philosophies that a professional holds regarding their profession? Is it the roles and characteristics that are required in a listing of their job description? Or is it related to the resources available for a working professional to continually develop their skills within their profession? Professional identity is all of these things. According to Healy and Hays (2010): Professional identity is the result of a developmental process thatRead MoreAgency Review Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesAgency Review on the Family Resource Center Every community mental health and local agency programs provide a needed service in the local community. Each program is important and provides everyone access to crucial mental health treatment and other needed resources. These programs provide services such as access to medication, emergency mental health services and counseling for everyone that do not have the means to pay for these services. Different centers provide specific services that areRead MoreSocial Justice in Conseling860 Words   |  3 PagesSocial justice in counseling represents the process of reaching out to individuals with regard to the fair treatment of all. There are many aspects to consider within the interaction between counselor and client in order to provide the most fairest treatment available. These aspects are derived from the dynamics of the goals and process of the counseling session and constituted by policy and law development. The goals and processes are focused upon embodying individual and family systems and theRead MoreMy Career Path1424 Words   |  6 Pagespursuing my masters in community counseling. Everything that has happened to me was for a reason and has shaped my career path and outlook on life, it has helped me be a better person and to also build my own identity of being a counselor. This paper will be a guide to my career path and how it has progressed throughout my lifespan. In this paper, I will also give examples and situations that I was a part of, to show and guide to my career path of why I chose community counseling. In the past, I have

Huckleberry Finn Realism Essay - 2026 Words

The novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† is a highly realistic novel, yes, it is all about realism. The work shows stereotypes, satire, non-romanticized characters, racism and slavery. Stereotypes are applied to almost every characters in the novel, not only Jim, Huck, but also the duke, the king, and other white people. Back then when Minstrel shows were a big influence on society, white people considered them an entertainment, but what they actually did, was to wash out every sense of human being in a black person. Black people were depicted with poor grammar, as lazy and loudmouthed, uneducated people. However, Jim is a very humane picture. The fact that, Jim acts as a father figure more than Pap does. While Pap abuses Huck,†¦show more content†¦Along the way, they meet the duke and the king, two white people. What Twain is doing here, is to contrast these two cons with Jim, a kind and honest man. The duke and king, over and over again, make up stories, fake their identity to cheat on people and take their money. When they try to be the two brothers of a rich man to take all the iherited money: â€Å"Well, when it come to that it worked the crowd like you never see anything like it, and everybody broke down and went to sobbing right out loud -- the poor girls, too; and every woman, nearly, went up to the girls, without saying a word, and kissed them, solemn, on the forehead, and then put their hand on their head, and looked up towards the sky, with the tears running down, and then busted out and went off sobbing and swabbing, and give the next woman a show. I never see anything so disgusting.† (Twain 178). Why was it so disgusting to Huck? The true nature of these two white men, the duke and the king, proves that the stereotypes of racism was completely wrong. There are white people who do not have morality like Jim does. The contrast was too large, to be compared, Jim shall be loved and valued more than the two frauds. Whil e the Victorian women complaint about Huck’s behaviors, considering himShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Realism in Huckleberry Finn Essay examples1850 Words   |  8 PagesThe novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is a complex and witty commentary on the social and moral injustices that existed during the time it was written. Although apparently intended for children, the novel introduces and explores problems like racism, sexuality, and the ability to face challenging moral dilemmas. Mark Twain tells the story of a young boy who aids an escaped slave down the Mississippi River and his moral development throughout and because of this journey. He tells the story inRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesJhonatan Zambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of theRead More Huckleberry Finn Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pages River of Life and Realism in Huck Finn nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain uses the river to symbolize life and the adventures of Huck to show the realism in the novel. These two elements are shown throughout the book in many different ways. Sometimes one would have to really sit down and think about all the symbolism in this classic novel. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;T. S. Eliot stated, amp;#8220;We come to understand the River by seeingRead MoreLiterature and Social Reality1340 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I will discuss and analyze the social forces of immigration and industrialization that shape literature during the period of 1865 to 1912. I will describe the major literary movements of the period. Additionally I will explain how Realism and Naturalism influenced the literature of the period, how immigration and industrialization contributed to the influences. I will illustrate using examples from some of the greatest authors of the period. Immigration and Industrialization TheRead More The Final Episode of Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn3016 Words   |  13 PagesThe Great Importance of the Final Episode of Huckleberry Finn      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the things many critics of Huckleberry Finn   just cant seem to understand is the final episode of the novel where Tom returns and sidetracks Huck from his rescue of Jim through a long series of silly, boyish plans based on ideas Tom has picked up from Romantic novels, such as those of Walter Scott.   Critic Stephen Railton dismisses these final chapters as just another version of their RoyalRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1058 Words   |  5 PagesHuckleberry Finn is an american literature written by Mark Twain which has been debated on whether or not it should be banned. Huck Finn displays multiple displays of racism, slavery, and graphic situation which cause friction among critics. Which bring us to many situations of critics to come to our conclusion. For instance one critic wrote,  ¨Jim is at the mercy of white characters in the novel, most of which are morally inferior to him. Jim must follow Huck s schemes and adventures, such asRead MoreChanging Views And The Changing Blues1657 Words   |  7 Pages Cameron- 4th Hour Honors American Literature 9 January 2015 The Changing Views and The Changing Blues Mark Twain himself had this to say about his novel: Huckleberry Finn is a book of mine about a boy with a sound heart and a deformed conscience that come into conflict...and conscience suffers defeat.† In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, his view of society starts out as naà ¯ve and childish, but as he experiences life on the Mississippi, he grows into a man with a realistic standpoint of whatRead MoreBiography of Mark Twain Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesBiography of Mark Twain Twain, Mark, pseudonym of Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835-1910), American writer and humorist, whose best work is characterized by broad, often irreverent humor or biting social satire. Twains writing is also known for realism of place and language, memorable characters, and hatred of hypocrisy and oppression. Born in Florida, Missouri, Clemens moved with his family to Hannibal, Missouri, a port on the Mississippi River, when he was four years old. There he receivedRead More Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Escape From an Oppressive Society6239 Words   |  25 PagesHuckleberry Finn - Escape From a Cruel and Oppressive Society America... land of the free and home of the brave; the utopian society which every European citizen desired to be a part of in the 18th and 19th centuries. The revolutionary ideas of The Age of Enlightenment such as democracy and universal male suffrage were finally becoming a reality to the philosophers and scholars that so elegantly dreamt of them. America was a playground for the ideas of these enlightened men. To EuropeansRead MoreSilvia Parra Dela Longa. Professor: Leslie Richardson.1404 Words   |  6 Pagesin The Iceberg Theory of his own, composed by compact or extensive sentences, verbs instead adverbs, repetition of words, uncomplicated vocabulary, and the â€Å"read between the lines† technique; second, thematic proposal, Hemingway discovered in Huckleberry Finn an important roll model for the American hero, which he adopted as main thematic subject in his novels; and finally, Papa Hemingway lifestyle proposal, which have been imitated by his descendants writers . The ground of Hemingway’s writing

Appearance vs. Reality, Hamlet free essay sample

In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the main theme of the play is appearance versus reality. The characters within the play appear to be sincere and honourable when in reality they are corrupt and immoral. Many of the characters within the play illustrate this concept. When looking at them from behind a mask they give the impression of a person who is genuine and honest, but in reality they are plagued with lies and despicable behaviour. Four of the main characters that attempt to deceive Hamlet by hiding behind this mask are Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Polonius, and King Claudius. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are two of Hamlets childhood friends who are not as they appear. They are asked by the King and Gertrude to spy on Hamlet in order to find the reason behind Gertrude’s â€Å"too much changed son† (II. ii. 36). They give the appearance of being Hamlet’s friend, yet in reality, the pair only came to Elsinore because they were summoned. Surprised by his friends’ unexplained arrival, Hamlet questions what has brought them there. Rosencrantz lies when responding â€Å"To visit you my lord, no other occasion† (II. i. 266). Hamlet instantly sees through their lies and insists â€Å"you were sent for, and there / is a kind of confession in your looks†¦I know the good king and / queen have sent for you† (II. ii. 273-276). Knowing that his so-called friends are lying about the purpose of their visit, Hamlet discloses nothing to them. Having gotten no answers for the King, the two were asked to go to Hamlet once more and continue to seek the real reason for Hamlet’s behaviour. Hamlet has little patience since being lied to and reveals to the pair that he is aware that they are spies and saying to them: [Y]ou would play upon me, you would seem to know my stops, you would pluck out the heart of my mystery, .. Call me what Instrument you will, though you can fret me, you cannot play upon me. † (III. iii. 343-350) Although appearing to be Hamlet’s friends, he quickly sees that in actuality, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are only trying to pry him for information. The King’s royal associate, Polonius, plays an important role in developing the theme. He’s constantly keeping up the facade of a concerned and caring individual. Polonius appears to be a good father, and honourable man. Upon learning that his son is going to France, he gives several pieces of advice to Laertes, in particular â€Å"This above all, to thine own self be true† (II. iii. 78). He gives advice in order to appear to be a caring father, when in fact he speaks in order to look good rather than to actually be good. Polonius then sends Reynaldo to bring Laertes money but instructs that â€Å"Before you visit him, to make inquire / Of his behaviour† (II. i. 4-5), and then advises him how to be sneaky about it. Throughout the play Polonius conspires with the King on ways to eavesdrop on Hamlet. When Hamlet is going to speak with his mother, Polonius suggests â€Å"Behind the arras I’ll convey myself / To hear the process† (III. iii. 28-29). Polonius acts as if his actions are for the king, when in fact it will benefit him greatly if the reason behind Hamlet’s strange behaviour is because of his love for Ophelia. Polonius also humiliates his daughter Ophelia by forcing her to read love letters from Hamlet aloud to the King and Gertrude. He tells Ophelia that it’s in her own best interest not to keep this secret. His words are those of a loving father, but his actions are quite different. Even though Polonius pretends to be moral and a loving parent, the reality is that he is a devious manipulator. Claudius, the current King of Denmark is the epitome of corruption and immorality although he presents himself to be the rightful king. King Claudius reveals his true maliciousness several times. Claudius only becomes King of Denmark after murdering his brother and marrying his sister-in-law Gertrude in an incestuous marriage. When speaking of his brothers’ death, he justifies the speedy marriage to Gertrude while appearing to have the kingdom’s best interest at heart when explaining â€Å"That we with wisest sorrow think on him / Together with remembrance of ourselves† (I. ii. 6-7). In actuality, Claudius acts out of greed to become king and out of lust for Gertrude. Claudius demeans Hamlet several times throughout the play. While Hamlet is grieving his father’s death, the heartless king requests â€Å"We pray you throw to earth / This unprevailing woe† (I. ii. 106-107), showing his deplorable behaviour by referring to Hamlet’s grief as useless. King Claudius shows his true maliciousness during his final act of manipulation. The king appeals to Laertes guilt and convinces him to kill Hamlet to avenge his father’s death by â€Å"A sword unbated, and in pass of practice / Requite him for your father† (IV. vii. 137-138). King Claudius’s selfish and despicable behaviour leads to the death of all those he had pretended to care for at one point or another: Gertrude, Hamlet, and Laertes. This final act of vengeance brings about the beginning of the end for the entire royal family. While proving that appearances can be deceiving, the characters help to develop the theme of appearance versus reality in the play. While Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Polonius, and King Claudius all appear to be virtuous and honest people, the reality is that they are continually scheming and plotting against Hamlet. Although appearing to be respectable, each of them is actually tainted by evil and corruption. Unfortunately, Hamlet finds out the hard way that each of them have their own hidden agendas, and corruption spreads like disease throughout the state of Denmark.

The Mistreatment of Slaves free essay sample

In no way shape or form can agree with those that believe slavery was justified or with those that say slavery never existed. Facts have proven these hypotheses otherwise. Also cannot agree with those that believe that slaves were treated fairly. Information passed down through generations as well as concrete written evidence proves the mistreatment of slaves for many reasons. They range from the fact of slaves across the world not being considered a whole person (3/5 of a person to be exact), them being the property of their owner, some even say that slaves were uncivilized and served to be treated as such.The list goes on and on with reasons and ways slaves were mistreated. Will attempt to cover a great deal of them but cannot truly grasp slavery true form due to biases Of authors and an attempt from other authors to cover up the wrong doing on slaves of African descent. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mistreatment of Slaves or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The nature of the way slaves were captured as well as their journey to their slave land predicted their future treatment. From the many sources Eve come across, they all seem to mention how slaves were captured. Whether it be Europeans or French capturers, upon landing in Africa, slaves were taken room their homeland regardless of gender or social position in their tribe.Men were captured more often women. Men could be used for more physical labor and women for physical labor but more housework. In no way am I stating that women did not work as hard as men during slavery. Children were also captured for labor. Some infants were abandoned by their slave parents. They were left to die or to be taken into a family by somebody who passed by. The parents did this because they were not able to take care of the baby. If they did keep the baby, the masters wife would raise it.Parents did to want their children to go through the harsh conditions of slavery. It went from capturing them on the main land to mistreatment on the slave ship. Slaves were squashed into wooden crates where they were then clamped in chains. They were then loaded onto the ships in which there were two ways they could be loaded. There was the tight pack- where they would be laid on their sides like sardines, therefore you cold fit more slaves on a ship and then there was the loss pack where they were allowed to lay on their backs with just 14 inches of space each. Either way no one was particularly comfortable specially because they were laid on rough wooden shelves and clamped together so no one could move without moving the rest of their row with them. The conditions below the deck were very unhealthy. During the 4-7 week journey, the ships may have been cleaned once every few weeks. Most of the time this took place while the slaves were exercised. Below deck the place reeked of urine, vomit, sweat, feces, and was described as a bile puking smell. The excruciating heat made these conditions no better. Many of the slaves got very sick. They either got sick from being so close to other sick laves, lying on their own excretions or from untreated wounds. Friction burns and sores were very common from the rough wooden shelves and the whip. Though the whip was not used very often, when used they left nasty bruises and open flesh wounds. They quickly became infected due to the lack of medical treatment and hygiene. Slave capturers took no proper care of their slaves. A great number of them never made it off the slave ship because of death but, the fact that there were so many of them and capturers saw them as replaceable property didnt help the situation.The actual auctioning off of the slaves was a very demeaning and excruciating process. When the slaves reached their final destination whether it be North America, South America, or another place, they were auctioned off as property. Exhibited in a public space, slaves were examined for their health and physical strength. More muscular, taller male slaves went for a higher price than women and children Prospective slave owners tried to get slaves at a discount and others paid a hefty price after negotiating with capturers.The 1998 film Down in the Delta, is a prime example of the believed value Of slaves during that time. A particular scene showed where two brothers were both sold into slavery. One was sold for money and the other for a mere candlestick. Families were knowingly torn apart due to the lack of sympathy of slave capturers and owners. It was also due to the fact that families or friends would form alliances and revolt and no one wanted that. This leads me to many other reasons why slaves were mistreated.Primarily slaves were mistreated because their captors believed they werent a whole person. Slaves were considered to be 3/5 of a person. Others considered them to be property. Thus they were traded, handled and sold as such with no regard to the slaves feelings, hygiene, physical needs or references. Slave owners feared that slaves would revolt if they had any freedom. Most plantation slave owners did not allow their slaves to be educated. They believed that if they read or write or knew how to communicate effectively with each other, they could plan revolt or an escape.Slave owners also believed that slaves didnt need to be educated. Their only use was physical labor which required no education, just a small amount of instruction in dangerous fields. Later in my paper I will discuss why some slave owners invested in education and training of their more profitable slaves. The life of a slave was very hard and is probably very difficult to imagine now. Whole families would be taken from their homes in Africa and moved into dreadful cramped, harsh conditions on a slave ship. Many slaves died during their journey to their new home. The people would then be sold as slaves and separated from their families. They became property just as you would own a bicycle or car. They had no rights at all. This meant that they had n right to say who they wanted their master to be, where they wanted to live, their length of enslavement and how long they toiled in the dreadfully hot sun or as much as 18 hours a day doing the work for their master. Being a slave meant many things. You were no longer allowed t make decisions for yourself. You did everything on your slave masters time.A slave may have had to change their name to that of their owner. They had no regular diet, poor working conditions, no medical care, which resulted in the average slave only living fro seven years. Their homes were shacks built from whatever leftover material the master may have had. They slept on the cold soil often with no blankets to cover themselves. Their children if they had NY lacked the supplies they needed to survive and often died from starvation or sickness. This is the reason why many slave parents left their infants in their homelands. They would rather abandon them than have them live a life of slavery. Slavery was a very dangerous institution. Sugar planting, harvesting, and processing is tiring, hot, dangerous work and requires a large number of workers whose work habits must be intensely coordinated and controlled. Slaves sustained many injures while working the fields. Their lack Of knowledge Of using equipment if there was any and the equipment itself as dangerous. Cotton plants had many sharp parts that would prick or cut parts of the body and slaves still worked throughout the day with these injuries.From the very beginning of sugar cultivation in the New World, there were not enough European settlers to satisfy the labor requirements for profitable sugar plantations. Native Americans were enslaved to work on the earliest sugar plantations, especially in Brazil. Those who could, escaped from the fields, but many more died due to European diseases, such as smallpox and scarlet fever, and the harsh working conditions on the sugar plantations. A Catholic priest named Barstool De lass Cases asked King Ferdinand of Spain to protect the Taint Indians of the Caribbean by importing African slaves instead. O, around 1505, enslaved Africans were first brought to the New World. For the next three and a half centuries, slaves of African origin provided most of the labor for the sugar industry in the Americas. A healthy, adult slave was expected to be able to plow, plant, and harvest five acres of sugar. Sugar planting was back-breaking work. Lines of slaves, men, women and children, moved across the fields, row by row, hand-planting thousands f seed-cane stems. Between 5,000 and 8,000 pieces had to be planted to produce one acre of sugar cane. Workdays in the fields typically lasted from 6 a. . To 6 p. M. With a noon-time break of perhaps two hours. During harvest, field slaves worked even longer hours, especially in Louisiana where workers raced against the weather to collect the harvest before the first frost and attacks by insects. Mature sugar canes exterior skin is so hard that workers had to cut through the stem with cutlasses or machetes. They also had to Stoop to cut the cane at ground level because the most sugary section of the Anne is the lower stem. Harvesting cane was as backbreaking work as planting cane, and cuts from the sharp tools were common.Once the cane stalk was cut, slaves stripped any remaining leaves and stacked the cane. It then would be tied into bundles and loaded onto donkeys, wagons, or two-wheeled carts to be carried to the sugar mill. Throughout their work, overseers with whips supervised the field slaves. Once the harvest began, it was essential to process the cane immediately. Slaves ran the sugar mills, feeding the stalks between giant rollers. Up to a dozen boys and men typically worked around he clock to process sugar, working with the stench of rotting cane in intense heat.As machinery grew more complex, with conveyor belts, Irelesss sugar processing evaporator and centrifuges, the slaves working the sugar houses became increasingly skilled mechanics. Yet, it was not unusual for slaves to be injured or crushed when trapped and pulled into the rollers as they fed stalks into the mill or tried to untangle stalks from flywheels and gears. Slaves also boiled the cane juice, ladling scum from the surface of the scalding liquid and then transferring it from kettle to kettle, reducing the syrup to crystals.Slaves routinely suffered burns during this process, often referred to as the Jamaica Train, and the heat in the sugar houses was so intense that slaves were rotated Out after four h ours, their limbs swollen from the heat and humidity. Once the crystals formed, there was still heavy labor ahead. The harder the solid cakes of sugar were, the better the sugar quality, but the pieces had to broken up with shovels, picks and crowbars. Finally, sugar was shoveled into hogsheads (wooden barrels) and packed solidly before the barrel holes were plugged with a piece of sugarcane.The sugarcane plug helped to siphon out he remaining molasses from the sugar in the hogshead; the molasses dripped onto a floor angled so it would drain into a trough or cistern. Then, the slaves would scoop molasses into barrels by hand. By the sass, the expected yield from each slaves labor was five hogsheads of sugar and 250 gallons of molasses. During harvest, slaves worked day and night, especially in the mills and guardhouse, so that there would be no bottlenecks in production. Shifts lasted up to 18 hours. Sugar production paused only as slaves cleaned out fireboxes or other equipment.Although some planters revived extra food and drink during the harvest and others encouraged competitions to boost production, sugar production was the result of coercion. Slaves in the sugar fields and mills were controlled by both the threat and use of deadly force. Punishment of slaves was very harsh and frequent. Slaves were punished physically most of the time. They were beaten with objects, whipped, and publicly humiliated in front of other slaves to make an example of them. Slave masters also tried to break the spirit of the proud slaves. They demeaned them and wanted to make them feel as they were worthless.Reasons why they were punished included talking back to a slave master, doing what they wanted instead of what they were told, requesting where they wanted to live and who they wanted to live with. In many cases slaves were publicly punished as a form of entertainment to the people of the town. The life of a slave was not an easy one. Some slaves committed suicide during their time to avoid the tortures of their slave masters. Treatment of slaves also largely relied on where the slavery took place. Slavery took place in many settings but will focus on the difference between urban and plantation slavery.According to Herbert S. Klein, urban slavery was a less restrictive institution than slavery on the plantation. Many urban slave owners invested training and education in their slaves so they would be more productive in their owners businesses. Other slave owners rented out their skilled slaves as professional cooks musicians and other jobs to gain additional money. In this type of arrangement, the slaves would hand over his earnings to his owner even though he might not be living with the owner. For urban slaves, the city provided contact with freemen, other urban slaves, and clubs for recreation. There was plenty of opportunity to escape ND plan revolts. They could blend in very easily with free men, freed slaves, former slaves who purchased their freedom, and slaves living away from their master. Plantation slavery left no room for any of this. Most plantation slaves never left the plantation and those who did were with their master. The Treatment of Negro Slaves in the Brazilian Empire , an excerpt from The Journal of Negro History by Mary Wilhelmina Williams exhibits many of the unjust treatment slaves received particularly in Brazil.The text first provides a historical context of Brazil. It states that the number of Negro slaves in Brazil robbery reached its maximum between 1850 and 1860, estimating that there were a little less than three million Negro slaves in Brazil at the time. Williams like Klein expresses that city slaves had an easier life than those in the country, but no Negroes worked harder than the slaves at ROI, Bah, and other ports. Many of them were owned by clerks who wanted to profit from slave labor. They opposed purchasing wagons and other labor-saving machinery.The few wagons that were seen on the street were usually pulled by slaves. Pulling a wagon required slaves to rest a pole on their shoulders. In there cases, when carrying a sack of coffee weighing one hundred and sixty pounds, slaves had to carry the sack on their head. Carrying such heavy things ruptured the slaves, crippled their legs and damaged many other parts of their body. The text goes on to explain that depending on what part of Africa the Negro slaves came from, the natives were less likely or more likely to adapt to the compulsory labor upon their arrival in Brazil.For example, the natives of Angola and the Congo, in consequence of some familiarity with servitude at home were more likely to adapt to the new conditions in Brazil in imprison to the Gibbons, Mosquitoes, and the Minas from Benign. An excerpt from an article by Jakarta Seventies describes the harsh life of a slave L saw many horrors in the way of punishment under slavery. That was why didnt like the life. The stocks, which were in the boiler house, were the cruelest. Some were for standing, other were for lying down. They were made of thick planks with holes for the head, hands and feet.They would keep slaves fastened up like this for two to three months for some trivial offence. They whipped the pregnant woman too. But lying face down with a hollow in the ground. For their bellies they whipped them hard but took care not to hurt their babies because they wanted as many as possible. The most common punishment was flogging: this was given by the overseer with the rawhide lash which made Wales on the skin. They also had whips made of the fibers of some jungle plants which stung like the devil and flayed the skin off in strips. I saw many handsome Negroes with raw backs.Afterward the cuts were covered with compresses of tobacco leaves, urine and salt. (Supervision From prior knowledge also know that treatment of slaves differed largely depending on which country the slaves were in. In western Colombia ( Choc, Marino, and Caucus) slaves worked on extracting gold deposits from gold mines and extracting sugar cane from the sugar cane plantations. In eastern Colombia (Bevel or Sorrow) the slaves labor was concentrated on textiles in commercial mills. Africans were digging in emerald mines, growing and extracting tobacco, and cotton, artisan work and other domestic work.The Africans in Colombia were Very strong willed though they were stripped of their freedom and had no rights. They began to fight for their freedom upon arrival in Columbia. Some Africans managed to escape their catcher. Slaves that escaped their catcher would flee to a Applique as a safe haven. Paleness are entire towns where escaped slaves found refuge. The slaves who made it to these towns were known as commissioners. Choc was considered by historians to be a Applique.. Some coronaries fought for their freedom when their oppressors came looking for them. Others either ran away else argot caught and were sent back to their master.In 1805, Colombia and went to war with Spain with Simon Bolivar as their leader to gain their independence. Africans from all the countries involved joined in this fight for freedom. A historian noted that every three out Of five oldies were African. Africans participated in all levels of military and political office. The war ended 14 years later in 1819, with the Latin American countries being victorious and gaining their independence. But although Colombia received their independence in 1 819, the abolition of slavery did not occur until 1 851. All the Afro-Colombians were finally free but , their life was still very difficult.They were forced to live in jungle areas as a mechanism of self-protection. In these jungles they learned how to have a harmonious relationship with the jungle environment and shared the ideology of estimate or miscegenation. Slaves in Venezuela were in high demand during the times of slavery in Latin America. The Slaves were used to crop cocoa, a bean that is used to make chocolate, and is the main export of Venezuela. The slaves were referred to as unit s Of commerce, and they were known as pizza De India. This name given to them was a compliment to their great physical strength and their ability to keep working hard.These slaves also worked in places such as copper mines, pearl divers and fishers. These slaves resisted, but unlike most countries, the escape rates of the slaves were high as well. At one point in time, the slavery escape rate was which meant that one in every two to three slaves escaped from their masters. Comparisons in Venezuelan had much to do with this high escape rate. They helped the slaves in these Venezuelan towns. They would raid the towns plantations and assist the slaves in escaping. They would also partake trading for slaves, and once the slave was traded he would no longer be a slave.Ecuador was one of the better places for slaves to be taken to. Ecuador was not a country known to depend highly on slaves. They actually represented a small amount of the labor force. Ecuador had laws that protected slaves from being mistreated. Slaves were also given the rights to sacraments, including marriage, and thereby a right to conjugal life (Vida marriageable). Civil law provided slaves with the right to denounce cruel masters before local courts for gross mistreatment (services). Once a cruel master was denounced, officials launched an investigation in order to evaluate the merits of the claimMasters found guilty of gross mistreatment usually suffered the penalty of having their slaves confiscated and sold to a new owner presumed to be more benevolent. ( De La Tore ; Stiffer 54) Slavery was abolished in 1821 , but it did not eventually end till 1881, 60 years later. Now that weve covered the difference in treatment of slaves across a few Latin American countries, we can discover another major reason saves were treated unfairly There is a vast difference between being treated because you are a slave and being treat unfairly because of your appearance.During slavery, light-skinned African-Americans were perceived as intelligent, cooperative, and beautiful. They were more likely to work as house slaves. Light-skinned Blacks were also given preferential treatment by plantation owners and their henchmen. For example, they had a chance to get an education. Dark African Americans worked in the fields and did not get an education. Light skinned slaves being seen as better than the dark skinned slaves could be viewed as negative though. Slave owners often raped their house slaves for many reasons.The sole reason being exerting power over the oppressed. It s also disputed that slave owners received more pleasure from sexual relations with their because of their bodies. Though many slave owners publicly expressed a disgust of the body of a woman of African descent, many secretly favored their body. Sandra Barman currently known s the 1 SST video vixen was a slave who was publicly ridiculed for her large breast ad wide hips. Ive made the inference that since people found it amusing to touch her expose her, slave owners or sellers may have secretly liked her appearance.It may be in part to the fact that many slave owners and slave had sexual relations for the sole reason of reproduction so they enjoyed sex with their slaves. It also could be that slave owners had sex with their slaves to produce more slaves to work their fields in the future. Pertaining to the different treatment of dark skinned and lighter skinned slaves, C. L. R. James The Black Jacobin, depicts that non slaves that were light often joined with their colonizers to capture slaves that ran away and punish others.The fact that the French colonizers were of a lighter complexion sheds light on the fact that lighter slaves were treated better than darker slaves even though they were slaves. House slaves, which were usually the lighter ones, traveled with the slave masters and were more presentable to visitors than the darker slaves. After the abolition of slavery in every country, the life of the slave was still difficult. Some slaves blended it to their new culture, like he colonial black in panama, who was able to share the culture with the other Panamanian.But for slaves like the canal black in panama, mixing with this culture was impossible. They could barely speak the language that was taught to them by the Europeans, and could not speak the language of the local cultural peoples of South America. Africans like these were seemingly stuck in a hole. They had no culture to return to, they had forgotten their African ways once they became slaves. They could not immigrate to the local culture and the culture they already knew, The European culture, the people refused to help them. They actually tried to bring them down even further. It is considered miraculous in some cases that the African race was able to survive till this very day, considering the circumstances given to them. In conclusion, it is evident that slaves were vastly mistreated. Williams, James and many other sources have provided us with the evident needed to refute the notion that slaves were treated fairly as well as the unjustified reasons slaves were treated as such. It is truly unorthodox and inhumane for humans to treat other humans in such a way they would not like to be treated.Modern day individuals need to realize that many of the discriminatory things we partake in consciously or unconsciously can be traced back to slave days. Though we may not truly understand what a slave went through, we can understand that slaves were not treated as the whole humans they were.